diseases of yam

), which There are many strains of Colletrotrichum … Yam Mosaic Virus Disease: This disease is caused by an aphid-transmitted potyvirus that infects several species of Dioscorea. its all about life Stat. People with diabetes are allowed to eat yam, as due to the low glycemic index after eating a root crop, the sugar level remains unchanged. Prevention. Of these, Yam mosaic virus (YMV, genus Potyvirus), Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV, genus Potyvirus) and Dioscorea bacilliform viruses (DBVs, genus Badnavirus) are widespread in West Africa and YMV has been shown to cause important diseases in yam [3,8,9,10]. Yam mosaic virus, Yam mosaic virus and Yam mild mosaic potyvirus, Cucumovirus, Dioscorea bacilliform virus, Potexvirus Dioscorea latent virus. d) Aphids. Can eating a diet rich in yam and palm oil prevent and ‘cure’ heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes? There is no above ground symptom with yam nematode infestation. is a tropical tuber crop produced for food and medicinal purposes.Yams are infested by a broad taxonomic diversity of insect pests. The leaves turn yellow in color. The disease is recorded from Fiji, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu. Various virus, bacterial and fungal diseases of yam have been reported in Nigeria since 1956. Its extract also helps to relieve chronic inflammatory disease, chest tightness and shortness of breath. At later stage the rot become light and dark brown to black in color and tubers may show external cracks. Shumei Hua, Zhihua Chen, Lihong Li, Kuan-Hung Lin, Yangwen Zhang, Jieyu Yang, Shi-Peng Chen, Differences in immunity between pathogen-resistant and -susceptible yam cultivars reveal insights into disease prevention underlying ethylene supplementation, Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 10.1007/s13562-020-00582-9, (2020). In that case scrap out the external layer of tuber to check the disease incidence. of yam. Yam anthracnose is a fungal infection that can impact your yam plants in any geographic region. Disease is reported in West Africa , South America and Caribbean. Yam diseases can be controlled by several integrated control practices. Spauld. Tubers and feeder roots are galled. stem basal canker (F. Protozoan diseases in animals pdfyam diseases and control pdf Cassava Diseases Prevention and Control to Ensure Food The virus is transmitted by aphids and tubers/setts. Anthracnose and virus diseases exert devastating impacts on yam production in many tropical regions of the world where the crop contributes to food security and income generation. Dept. Pests and diseases of yam and their control methods Pests of Yam Yam tuber pests makes holes on tubers, resulting in low tuber marketability. The actual yield loss is estimated up to 27 to 55 %. Anthracnose and dieback is a disease of Dioscorea alata that occurs wherever yams are grown. It may cause up to 40% loss in yield. Image courtesy of agrifarming.in, PEST AND DISEASES OF YAM (Dioscorea spp. The stems can be affected as well as the end buds, thus stopping growth. In field and storage yams are exposed to various diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. 4.5 Other Diseases and Pests. The virus is transmitted by aphids and tubers/setts. and Nicotiana benthamiana.In extracts of D. cayenensis leaves infectivity was lost after 10 min at 60 d̀C but not 55 d̀C and after dilution to 10 ‐3 but not 10 ‐2.A purification procedure is described. Monitoring. of Plant Pathology) Pegus, J.E. Dry rot of yams alone causes a marked reduction in the quantity, marketable value and edible portions of tubers and those reductions are more severe in stored yams. It will be useful for people who smoke in their menu, as they lack vitamin A in their bodies, which can cause the development of various diseases. The adult beetles burrow into the soil and feed on the tubers. Yam mosaic virus is always associated with yam mild mosaic virus, yam badnaviruses and cucumber mosaic virus in Africa making this disease more complex. ), MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES OF FRENCH BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris), MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES OF PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus), MAIN PESTS AND DISEASES OF MAIZE (Zea mays), SUSTAINABLE PEST MANAGEMENT IN GREEN HOUSES AND HIGH TUNNELS, How to make Your Own Animal Feeds (For Cattles and Sheep), Graphical Representation of Market Prices for September 2020, Graphical Representation of Market Prices for March 2020. Tubers are deformed and develop abnormal rootlets. Diseases. Yam anthracnose disease is caused by Colletotrichum gloesporioides Penz. Given wild yam’s hormone-like effects, it’s no surprise that it can have benefits for fertility. Dry rot is considered as the most devastating of all the storage diseases of yam. The infected tubers show dry rot of 1 to 2 cm. DISEASES OF GREATER YAM • Field diseases Anthracnose - Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Yam Mosaic Virus Disease Yam mild mosaic virus Chinese yam necrotic mosaic virus Dioscorea alata poty virus Dioscorea alata bacilliform virus Dioscorea alata ring spot mottle virus Concentric leaf spot disease- S. rolfsi • Storage disease Dry rot - Botryodiplodia theobromae Disease is reported in West Africa , … Learn more about your crops in our library, Learn about ways to keep your crops healthy, Small, dark brown spots or black lesions on leaves which may be surrounded by a chlorotic halo; leaf necrosis; dieback of stem; withered leaves and scorched appearance, Disease overwinters in plant debris; occurs worldwide. Various virus, bacterial and fungal diseases of yam have been reported in Nigeria since 1956. The symptoms observed in each host can be vein banding, curling, mottling, green-spotting, flecking, etc. Yam crops face pressure from a range of insect pests and fungal and viral diseases, as well as nematode. Agriculture, farming, agricultural products and crops classification, cultural practices in agriculture, farming practices, animal production, cropping systems, plant study. Anthracnose can be prevented using a fungicide with benomyl, but you need to remove affected plants and all plant debris from the field immediately in order to prevent the spread of the disease. Leaves and shoots of the yam will blacken and die, resulting in stunted, small, deformed harvests. Vascular wilt results from the bacterial invasion of the plant’s vascular system. Damaging diseases occurring on yams from planting to harvest include seed-tuber rot (Penicilliwn spp. Even though it won't effect yield sometimes foliage cause poor growth and tubers may show delay in germination or even stopped. Yam anthracnose and virus diseases constitute major pathological problems in D. alata production in all yam growing regions of the world. Reduction in edible portion of tubers. With progress in disease lesion spreads deeper (maximum up to 2 cm). Other diseases and pests of taro include:a) Corm and root rots caused by the fungi Pythium spp and Phytophthora. Plant may produce few small tubers with less starch content. Yam Anthracnose Disease (YAD) can cause up to 80% yield loss where it is endemic. Dry rot is considered as the most devastating of all the storage diseases of yam. We reviewed a total of 73 insect species associated with Dioscorea species in different parts of the world. Different species of yams are grown in the "yam zone"of West Africa. May Enhance Fertility. We review various methods of management for these insect pests. For maximum yield, the yams require a humid tropical environment, with an annual rainfall over 1500 mm distributed uniformly throughout the growing season. It causes black necrotic spots on the leaves which develop along the veins. Direct Control. Yam mosaic virus is always associated with yam mild mosaic virus, yam badnaviruses and cucumber mosaic virus in Africa making this disease more complex. It reduces market value and quality of tubers (up to 32 - 59 % in Nigeria). Preventive methods, ... Yam mosaic disease Yam mosaic potyvirus Plant with yam mosaic disease, showing narrow yellow leaves. Severe infestation may leads to tuber shrivel. The major disease affecting Dioscorea cayenensis in the Ivory Coast is caused by a virus which was transmitted by mechanical inoculation to some Dioscorea spp. this site functions with internal linking marked in colours. Entry of fungus through this wounds causes further decay of tubers in storage. The common symptoms are infected leaves show yellow and green patterns (called mosaics) between the veins or may show a narrow green strips bordering the veins (called vein banding). A shoestring virus, which is transmitted mechanically and by aphids, with particles consisting of flexuous rods 600 nm in length, is known to occur in various spp. A research programme was carried out in the Ivory Coast to study yam wilt, and to quantify corresponding harvest losses. Anthracnose: It is one of the most severe yam diseases, in particular among the species Dioscorea alata. The virus is transmitted by aphids and tubers/setts. c) The taro planthopper, Tarophagus proserpina which not only transmits virus diseases, but can cause wilting and death of the plant in heavy infestations. Dry rot is considered as the most devastating of all the storage diseases of yam. Yam is infested by 48 species when the crop is in the field, and after harvest (i.e. Pre-harvest and post-harvest tuber rot may result in storage loss of 25%. Central Exp. Due to the losses incurred through the effect of diseases such as YAD, yam breeders and other affiliated scientists are trying to breed for plant materials with resistance to this disease. (Mantell, 1980 [5]; IITA, 1993 [6]). Plant disease - Plant disease - Symptoms and signs: Bacterial diseases can be grouped into four broad categories based on the extent of damage to plant tissue and the symptoms that they cause, which may include vascular wilt, necrosis, soft rot, and tumours. Some time the infected tubers may not show external cracking which make it difficult to diagnose. Virus diseases pose serious challenges to seed and ware yam production and also impede international exchange of yam planting material in West Africa, which is home to about 91% of the global edible yam production. A shoestring virus, which is transmitted mechanically and by aphids with particles consisting of flexuous rods 600 nm in length, is known to occur in various species of yam. The complexities in their epidemiology necessitate the use of integrated approaches in their management. Plant with yam mosaic disease, showing narrow yellow leaves (IITA, Flickr) Yellow and green patterns, distorted margin, and backward curling of a leaf infected with yam mosaic virus (IITA, Flickr) Prevention. Their growth and dormant phases correspond respectively to the wet season and the dry season. of yam. Information provided by https://coleacp.org. You may use , Click here to go to the topics page to know more about the crop. b) Nematodes. Abstract Various virus, bacterial and fungal diseases of yam have been reported in Nigeria since 1956. Flattened oval to round disc-like insect covered in waxy substance on tree branches; insects attract ants which may also be present; insect colony may also be associated with growth of sooty mold due to fungal colonization of sugary honeydew excreted by the insect, Insects have a wide host range; often tended by ants which farm them for their sugary honeydew secretions, Yam tuber infested by white scale insect (2). Greater and lesser yam beetles are both important pests of yams in West Africa. 1 and 2), and lesion nematodes (Scutellonema bradys, Pratylenchus spp. regarded as the most widely spread of all the field diseases, while yam mosaic virus disease is considered to cause the most severe losses in yams. The infected plants are stunted with poor growth. in storage) the tubers are attacked by 27 … Hosts. Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Current efforts to control virus threats are directed towards propagation of virus-free seed yam. Yam contains a chemical compound known as Allantoin which is an active moisturizer used to treat scaly, itchy, dry and rough skin, skin burns, boils and other skin diseases. Nearly 47% of all yam tubers on sale in Nigerian markets were infested with S. bradys (Bridge, 1973) and both dry rot and wet rot diseases of tubers have been observed in all Nigerian yam barns and markets sampled (Adesiyan and Odihirin, 1977). Links will be auto-linked. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. , Fusariwn oxysporwn and F. Solani), root rot (F. Oxysporwn and Pythiwn sp. Wild yam has most often been prescribed by herbalists for internal use for PMS symptoms. If the disease is severe the leaves become long, thin and strap shape (called shoe-string symptom) and whole plant become stunted. (teleomorph Glomerella cingulata [Stonem.] Yam scales, mealybugs, and a few beetles cause significant losses to tubers both in the field and in storage. Yam tubers infested by nematode and white scale insect. A wide range of nematodes are associated with yam, but only two ‘types’ are of concern: root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp. The leaves and tubers are covered with small white scales from field to storage. this is open class study site. The virus is spread by aphids and vegetative propagation: Dry rot of yams alone causes a marked reduction in the quantity, marketable value and … The data currently available do not enable determination of the damage that parasitic fungi cause to yam. How to Control the spread of yam pest: Apply insecticide like BHC at planting to avoid disease spreading around Dust yam sett with aldrin dust Practice crop rotation to control disease spread Pest and diseases in crops ), which are evident by the disfigurement they cause to tubers (Figs. Some plants may recover from the virus infection soon after first symptom but virus may survive in plant and reduce the vigour. It may cause up to 40% loss in yield. The pest which affects the plant are nematodes such as root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.) A shoestring virus, which is transmitted mechanically and by aphids, with particles consisting of flexuous rods 600 nm in length, is known to occur in various spp. Initially this dry rot is of cream and light yellow lesions appear just below the outer skin without any external symptom. Studies on diseases of cassava and yam in Trinidad [1988] Rajnauth, G. (Ministry of Food Production, Marine Exploitation, Forestry and the Environment, Centeno (Trinidad and Tobago). Shortness of breath in the field and in storage loss of 25 %,. After harvest ( i.e few small tubers with less starch content and pests yams. As nematode rot may result in storage loss of 25 % bradys, Pratylenchus spp ). Wherever yams are exposed to various diseases caused by Colletotrichum gloesporioides Penz and shoots of the damage that parasitic cause! 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